Physical
Physical skills refer to abilities related to the body, that is, motor proficiency and the capacity to perform specific movements. These may include, for example, running, jumping, throwing, balance, coordination, endurance, strength, and flexibility.
Social-emotional
Social: Refers to skills related to functioning within a group, managing interactions with others, communication, cooperation, conflict resolution, and relationship building.
Emotional: Includes skills related to recognizing and understanding one’s own emotions and the emotions of others, as well as regulating and expressing them appropriately.
Cognitive
Cognitive refers to anything related to cognition, cognitive processes, the mind, and human cognitive abilities. It encompasses all mental functions such as perception, memory, thinking, reasoning, decision-making, learning, and awareness.
Sliding down
Play involving elements of sliding refers to activities in which children or other individuals slide down from a height, often using slides.
Hanging
Play involving elements of hanging refers to activities in which a child supports their body weight with their hands while hanging from an object—such as a ladder, bar, rope, tree branch, or other equipment. This type of play primarily develops grip strength, upper body power, and full-body coordination.
Climbing
Play involving elements of climbing refers to activities in which a child overcomes vertical obstacles by using both their hands and feet—that is, climbing onto or up various objects. These may include ladders, climbing walls, furniture, hills, or other structures that require ascending movement. Such activities actively engage the whole body and support the development of numerous motor skills.
Crawling
Play involving elements of crawling refers to activities in which a child moves in a low position, typically lying on their stomach and propelling themselves using their arms and/or legs—such as belly crawling or squeezing under obstacles. These types of play are highly beneficial for developing coordination, muscle strength, and sensory integration.
Socialisation
Play with elements of “socialization” is play that helps children learn social contacts and relationships — that is, how to cooperate, communicate, share, resolve conflicts, and understand others.
Riding
Play with elements of “riding,” e.g., on a zipline, refers to an activity in which the child moves, glides, or travels using specific equipment or a device, engaging in the motion of “riding” or “sliding.”
Getting across
Play with elements of “getting across” is an activity in which the child must overcome a physical barrier that hinders free movement, such as jumping over, crawling under, going around, or climbing something.